Leslie at first rejects these proposals and considers leaving Mexico. The images are taken away and burned. The novel's plot concerns Kate Leslie, an Irish tourist who visits Mexico after the Mexican Revolution. He suggested that the work was both open to misinterpretation, and "a flagrant piece of propaganda", intended by Lawrence as a "new gospel to mankind." He noted the poet José Juan Tablada's accusation of plagiarism against Lawrence, but discounted it, writing that The Plumed Serpent had little in common with Tablada's La Resurrección de los Ídolos (1924). He adds that additional negative reviews appeared in The Times Literary Supplement, which described the novel as "feeble", and The Spectator, which described it as "verbose". Kate eventually agrees to marry Cipriano, while the Men of Quetzalcoatl, with the help of a new President, bring about an end to Christianity in Mexico, replacing it with Quetzalcoatl worship. Rieff stated that in his "imaginative rehabilitation" of Aztec ritual, Lawrence "rightly understands sun dancing as an imitation — or a dramatic representation — performed in substantiation of the divine concern with the human being." [45], Donna Przybylowicz maintained that the novel revealed a conflict between contradictory fascist and liberal humanist tendencies within Lawrence's work. Courtesy of Matt Lachniet, used with permission. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. [7] Lawrence wanted to call the book "Quetzalcoatl", after the Aztec god of that name, but Knopf insisted on "The Plumed Serpent", a title Lawrence disliked. He wrote that most reactions to it were either strongly positive or strongly negative, and stated that Lawrence later rejected "both the political and the sexual ideology" of the novel. In this notorious late novel, Lawrence’s pagan imaginings burgeon. See more of The Plumed Serpent on Facebook. The Plumed Serpent’s prophet-hero, a Mexican general,…, In Kangaroo (1923) and The Plumed Serpent (1926), Lawrence revealed the attraction to him of charismatic, masculine leadership, while, in For Lancelot Andrewes: Essays on Style and Order (1928), Eliot (whose influence as a literary critic now rivaled his influence as a poet) announced that he was a “classicist…. The streets are lined with rotting corpses and rivers of blood as Cortez the butcher enjoys the prettiest girl in town whilst dreaming of wealth and power. War God II- Return of the Plumed Serpent is a harrowing book to read. Later, an attempt is made to assassinate the President, and Mexico is taken to the point of religious war. [31], The writer Henry Miller maintained that Lawrence showed "great creativity" in The Plumed Serpent, finding it apparent in the way Lawrence dealt with "the eternal duality in man's nature" by deifying it in the form of Quetzalcoatl. [3], Ramón tries to encourage Kate to marry Cipriano, but she still has doubts. [60], Shirley Bricourt argued that episodes in the novel such as the bullfight scene depict rites that both "act as catalysers of emotions" and "travesty these emotions as a submissive but passionate response." She maintained that the novel showed his search for triumph in politics and other areas of life, and that it records his invention of a religion of "male supremacy", with its prose celebrating "phallic supremacy". Nick is puzzled by several corpses with unusual semi-internal combustion symptoms. Ramón tells her that just as he will be identified with Quetzalcoatl, Cipriano will be identified with Huitzilopochtli. [49] Jad Smith wrote that The Plumed Serpent is often regarded as "the height of Lawrence’s interest in authoritarian politics" and was a "notorious instance of Lawrence’s proto-fascist leanings". The Temple of the Feathered Serpent is the third largest pyramid at Teotihuacan, a pre-Columbian site in central Mexico (the term Teotihuacan, or Teotihuacano, is also used for the whole civilization and cultural complex associated with the site). "[32] The novelist William S. Burroughs was influenced by The Plumed Serpent. The Plumed Serpent is set during the period of the Mexican Revolution. [9] According to John B. Vickery, while most critics admired "Lawrence's masterful descriptions, his evocation of place and his handling of individual scenes", many also criticised his "humorless obsession" with saving Mexico and the world. Hello everyone, today we’re taking a look at one of the most important and beloved God from Aztec Mythology, The Great Feathered Serpent, Quetzalcoatl. He considered Lawrence's approach to primitive myth and ritual in The Plumed Serpent consistent with that he later took in Sketches of Etruscan Places and other Italian essays, maintaining that Lawrence used the character Ramón to depict "the attainment of an integrated personality". In The Plumed Serpent he mentions "the ponderous pyramids of San Juan Teotihuacan, the House of Quetzalcoatl with the snake of all snakes, his huge fangs white and pure today as in the lost centuries when his makers were alive. He suggested that the novel shows Lawrence's "dissenting horror from the very things he is supposed to be preaching." She also meets Cipriano's friend Don Ramón Carrasco. The A.V. He also observed that the early reception of The Plumed Serpent in Mexico was positive, citing the views of the newspaper Excélsior and the poet Bernardo Ortiz de Montellano, who both credited Lawrence with understanding Mexico and the Mexicans. Meanwhile, the unpopular actions of the new President provoke a rebellion, and the Church moves against Ramón, denouncing him as an "Anti-Christ". Ring in the new year with a Britannica Membership, https://www.britannica.com/topic/The-Plumed-Serpent, English literature: Anglo-American Modernism: Pound, Lewis, Lawrence, and Eliot, fable, parable, and allegory: Modern period. She saw the novel as dealing with "magical and mystical secrets whose purpose is to enact a messianic eschatology" and believed that it revealed Lawrence's preoccupation with "femininity and its mystical significance." "[55] Camelia Raghinaru argued that there was a connection between Lawrence's interest in the Kabbalah, which may have developed from his reading, early in the 20th century, of the occultist, and founder of the Theosophical Society, Helena Blavatsky, and his development of a "messianic utopia" in The Plumed Serpent. Kate accepts Cipriano as Huitzilopochtli and they are married by Ramón. She observed that one scene featuring Ramón appearing before a rally evoked the Third Reich to later readers and encouraged the view that Lawrence was a fascist. He called its ending unconvincing. As she leaves, she encounters Don Cipriano, a Mexican general, and invites him to meet her. The Plumed Serpent ’s prophet-hero, a Mexican general,… The Plumed Serpent is an attempt by Lawrence to work out the conflict within himself concerning issues of social class and political power. She interpreted the novel in terms of the philosopher Julia Kristeva's emphasis on abjection in Powers of Horror (1980), and maintained that it emphasised "male sexuality and female submission". Nick is puzzled by several corpses with unusual semi-internal combustion symptoms. [19] He has argued that Lawrence was writing as a political theorist in The Plumed Serpent, which he described as a "Fascist fiction". NICK'S LATEST CASE THREATENS HIS RELATIONSHIP WITH JULIETTE – DANIEL BALDWIN ( "HOMICIDE" ) AND DANIELLE PANABAKER ("FRIDAY THE 13TH") GUEST STAR -- While investigating an arson-related homicide with Hank (Russell Hornsby), Nick (David Giuntoli) finds himself in the heated world of Portland fire-dancing where he meets a woman (guest star Danielle Panabaker) who might just be too hot to handle. 7,696 people like this. The Plumed Serpent is a 1926 political novel by D. H. Lawrence; Lawrence conceived the idea for the novel while visiting Mexico in 1923, and its themes reflect his … Law abiding citizen finds out that in his inherited apartment live … He believed that it suffered from faults such as "careless language", "wearisome repetitions", and the "confusion of practical with artistic ends"; he considered its "prophetic aspirations" a fault as well. S01E14 Plumed Serpent Summary While investigating an arson-related hugging with Hank, Nick finds himself in the heated world of Portland fire-dancing where he meets a woman who might just be too hot to handle. "[58], Debra A. Castillo compared the novel to the anthropologist Tobias Schneebaum's Keep the River on Your Right (1969) and the work of the intellectual Georges Bataille. It opens with a group of tourists visiting a bullfight in Mexico City. He maintained that while Bynner's negative judgment of the novel, expressed in his memoir Journeys with Genius, had affected its reputation, Lawrence was more interested in "Mexican revolutionary culture" than Bynner's comments suggested. She noted that of those Mexican writers who had discussed the novel, the poet José Emilio Pacheco warned against its "proto-fascism", while Paz praised its "depiction of landscape". Carlota collapses and is taken to bed; she subsequently dies. [34], The critic William York Tindall compared The Plumed Serpent to the poet Samuel Taylor Coleridge's Kubla Khan, Gustave Flaubert's Salammbô, and the paintings of Paul Gauguin. "Plumed Serpent" received positive reviews. He compared its themes to those of Lawrence's The Man Who Died (1929), and praised the way in which Lawrence employed "the old myth of the dragon. Kate Leslie, an Irish widow touring Mexico, becomes gradually involved with a charismatic leader, and she enters a sexual relationship with his dark henchman. The Plumed Serpent is a 1926 political novel by D. H. Lawrence; Lawrence conceived the idea for the novel while visiting Mexico in 1923, and its themes reflect his experiences there. The church in Sayula is closed, and later entered by Ramón and a group of his followers, who remove images of Jesus, Mary, and several saints. [15] Brett Neilson compared The Plumed Serpent to Women in Love, arguing that they imagined "the primitive" in similar ways and that both involved the theme of an "eternal conjunction between two men". Sovereign Plumed Serpent is one of the most powerful gods in Mayan theology. Moore himself maintained that The Plumed Serpent could be considered a "magnificent failure" and that it was "a greater achievement than the smoother work of the lesser authors celebrated at that time." Ramón tells the bishop that he intends to remove images from a church in Sayula, burn them, and replace them with images of Quetzalcoatl; the bishop warns him against this, but Ramón remains firm in his plans, and tells the bishop to advise his superiors of them. He found the work a success so long as it is "read as a novel of prophecy". [38], Anne Fernihough described The Plumed Serpent as "stridently ideological",[39] while Mark Kinkead-Weekes described it as more "ideologically elaborated" and assertive than its early version Quetzalcoatl, adding that Lawrence made a "deliberate and intransigent" attack on Christianity. [48], David Carroll maintained that compared to its early version Quetzalcoatl, the novel's published version showed "more intimate knowledge of Mexican culture" and explored "the confrontation of white and red consciousness" with greater complexity. She maintains that the bullfight scene reflects the disturbing effect on Lawrence of travelling with Bynner and Johnson, a homosexual couple. He interpreted Cipriano and Ramón as projections of D. H. Ramón tells Kate to tell the Irish that they should follow their traditional gods and heroes. She argued that The Plumed Serpent was the novel that most fully expressed Lawrence's ideal of female behavior, according to which the "woman must renounce personal love" and abdicate all pride and will. "[54] Nora Marisa León-Real Méndez argued that Lawrence "confers significant meaning to the landmarks, constructing a narrative space that is particular as well as linked to the Mexico outside the text. A Feathered Serpent from deep in the Juxtlahuaca cave. The Plumed Serpent is a 1926 political novel by D. H. Lawrence; Lawrence conceived the idea for the novel while visiting Mexico in 1923, and its themes reflect his experiences there. Cipriano continues to support Ramón, despite being obliged to defend the Mexican government. "[12] The Plumed Serpent received a mixed review from Time, which described it as "a strange, compelling state of affairs rather than a story", and wrote that it reflected the "physico-mysticism", and preoccupation with sexual psychology, of its author. It posts Lawrence's views, derived from theories circulating within his culture, of the fall and rise of races based upon energy and power. She suggested that the novel was deservedly neglected, criticising Lawrence's "protofascist tone", "fondness of force", "arrogance", and "racial, class, and religious bigotries." Page Transparency See More. [25] Torgovnick saw The Plumed Serpent and Lawrence's story "The Woman who Rode Away" (1925) as sharing an interest in "extremes of experience", and found both similar to the work of writers such as Bataille, and the dramatist Antonin Artaud, in their emphasis on human sacrifice. [52] Damien Barlow wrote that "a queer approach to reading Lawrence's modernist fiction" has been proposed. [33], The Mexican intellectual Enrique Krauze described The Plumed Serpent as "the most fascist" of Lawrence's writings, citing its "deification of violence and masculine power". ( Public Domain ) The roots of Quetzalcoatl, or at least the form of the feathered serpent, can be traced all the way back to the Olmec civili… [20] The writer Anthony Burgess maintained that The Plumed Serpent is the least liked of Lawrence's novels due to its lack of humour and its exploration of a theme of little interest to readers "with no knowledge of the ancient Aztec gods and what they could mean to a revitalized or Laurentianised Mexico." One of them, Kate Leslie, departs in disgust and encounters Don Cipriano, a Mexican general. …embarked on the ambitious novel The Plumed Serpent (1926). She characterised it as being, like Aaron's Rod, part of a phase of Lawrence's career during which he was suspicious of and hostile towards women. Contact The Plumed Serpent on Messenger. Time wrote that Lawrence's work "moves many profoundly, puzzles others, and revolts the squeamish. Restless after her husband’s death, she moves to Mexico with Owen Rhys, her American cousin. The novel received negative reviews. The Plumed Serpent Summary. In Mexico City, the Men of Quetzalcoatl turn a church into a Quetzalcoatl temple; the Archbishop of Mexico is arrested before he and his followers can attempt to retake the building for the Catholic Church. She considered it, like Lady Chatterley's Lover, vulnerable to Millett's criticism. [8], Critics have disagreed about the literary merit of The Plumed Serpent, some, including the novelist E. M. Forster and the writer John Middleton Murry, praising it as Lawrence's best work and others dismissing it. According to Maddox, Porter considered the novel inferior to Lawrence's earlier work Sons and Lovers (1913), and believed that the difference in quality between the two works showed "the catastrophe that has overtaken Lawrence. It is in fact extremely well written, expertly structured, tightly edited and extensively researched. Shortly after Easter, a group of tourists visiting Mexico, including Kate Leslie, an Irishwoman, and her cousin, Owen Rhys, an American, attend a bullfight in Mexico City. Facebook is showing information to help you better understand the purpose of a Page. It has also been interpreted as an expression of his personal political ambition and as having homoerotic aspects. Lawrence shaped novels such as The Plumed Serpent to project a thematic, cultural polemic. The novel's plot concerns Kate Leslie, an Irish tourist who visits Mexico after the Mexican Revolution. Club's Kevin McFarland gave the episode a "B-" grade and wrote, "In all fairness, I'm surprised that Grimm made it all the way through thirteen episodes without having someone kidnap Juliette and forcing Nick to save her. She considered its "consecration scene" an example of the "symbolically surrogate" scenes of pederasty in Lawrence's novels. or. He observed that the novel had received a more negative response than any other work by Lawrence, finding it surprising that it had "so many detractors." Within this movement, Cipriano is identified with Huitzilopochtli and Ramón with Quetzalcoatl. She observed that it had been seen as a "prelude to fascism". She argued that The Plumed Serpent, by depicting the proletariat and Indian peasants as needing to be controlled by a dictatorial leader, revealed Lawrence as "basically anti-democratic and anti-socialist", and that it also presented a "Western stereotyped notion" of "the dark races" as "lazy, dirty, resentful, covetous, irresponsible, and aimless". He tells her of the dissatisfying nature of his relationship with Carlota, saying that the two of them never "met in our souls", and that her faith in Jesus and his role in the Men of Quetzalcoatl now makes this impossible. Prior to the Spanish Conquest of the Yucatán, Kukulkan was worshipped by the Yucatec Maya people of the Yucatán Peninsula, in what is now Mexico.The depiction of the Feathered Serpent is present in other cultures of Mesoamerica. He also noted that the novel sold well. However, Moore writes that it received a more mixed assessment, discussing both its good and bad aspects, from the poet Edwin Muir in The Nation and Athenaeum. … Priests denounce the Men of Quetzalcoatl. Auden’s operatic librettos reflect once more the allegorical potential of this mixture of media. [11], Maddox writes that the novel received a negative review from Charles Marriott in The Manchester Guardian, who deplored its failure to produce convincing characterizations, a response similar to that of Hartley in the Saturday Review. [17][18] Bloom compared The Plumed Serpent to the novelist Norman Mailer's Ancient Evenings (1983), suggesting that it had a similar underlying motive. Receiving an invitation from Ramón, she meets him and his wife Doña Carlota, who tells her that he wants to be worshipped as a god and to destroy the belief of Mexicans in both Jesus and the Virgin Mary, objectives she deplores. However, he noted that Lawrence subsequently wrote letters, including one to Bynner, "that appear to repudiate his leadership vision". 9 were here. Ramón later marries a young woman named Teresa. [53], Armando Pereira maintained that the novel reflected Lawrence's desire to "live in a creative way and free of the oppressive rationality, anxiety of technique and obsession of progress that had swallowed Europe up. "[62], sfn error: no target: CITEREFRomero2014 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFBricourt2011 (, Sketches of Etruscan Places and other Italian essays, "Mexico, Revolution, and indigenous politics in D. H. Lawrence's The Plumed Serpent", "D.H. Lawrence's plural jurisprudence: an enquiry into Desmond Manderson's post-positivist 'law and literature, "D. H. Lawrence. He has not died. The Plumed Serpent Bridal is one of New England's premiere couture bridal salons, located in Westport, CT. We carry many of the leading designers in bridal and evening wear. He compared the novel to the poet T. S. Eliot's poem The Waste Land (1922), observing that both works juxtaposed "past and present". Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. [24], The English professor Marianna Torgovnick suggested that the novel "advocates women’s slavelike submission to men and surrender of the drive toward orgasm" and suffered from "overblown prose". [23] Millett described the novel as homoerotic. Rhys returns to the United States, but Leslie decides to stay in Mexico. Vintage store featuring various mid-century collectibles, jewelry and Mexican folk art [57] Vladimiro Rivas Iturralde maintained that Lawrence wrote about "the transformation of man in myth" in an "improbable way" and that The Plumed Serpent was an "artistic failure. “Plumed serpent” describes not only Cipriano’s country but also his penis. An early draft of the book, different enough to be considered a distinct work, was published as Quetzalcoatl by Black Swan Books in 1995. theplumedserpent.net. [47] Karen McLeod Hewitt described the novel as "unpleasant nonsense", writing that most of it celebrated "a disgust for people which is also pretentious." W.H. He establishes at his hacienda a meeting place for cultists who worship Quetzalcoatl, the Plumed Serpent. A feeling about reality '' to Aaron 's Rod Leal and the Knights of Cortés are to for! Gods and heroes '' has been proposed identified with Quetzalcoatl, and it known! 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